How to Design Corrosion Resistant Sheet Metal Parts

Last updated on July 15th, 2024 at 10:43 am

Corrosion occurs when environmental conditions trigger a chemical reaction that converts refined metal into its hydroxide, oxide, or sulfide form. In ferrous metals, corrosion causes rust, the orange, powdery crust we’re all familiar with. In non-ferrous metals, corrosion causes pitting and the formation of a milky-white film.

Corrosion impacts more than a part’s appearance; it also puts its structural integrity at risk. However, it is possible to prevent corrosion from occurring! These anti-corrosion practices will protect your sheet metal parts and ensure they maintain superior functionality and appearance:

1. Design for the Environment

Because moisture accelerates corrosion, strive to avoid features that trap moisture, dirt, salt, and other grime. Whenever possible, make design decisions that allow the part to drain and dry, especially when you know it will be exposed to liquids or used in humid environments.

2. Collaborate with Your Fabricator

Before finalizing your design, let your fabricator take a look. Here at Approved Sheet Metal, we’re happy to review our customers’ precision sheet metal designs and discuss any potential problems we anticipate. When you communicate with us about your part’s intended use, we can assist you with material selection and other anti-corrosion solutions.

3. Choose a Non-Corrosive Material

The material you select for your precision sheet metal project plays a critical role in preventing corrosion. If non-corrosive materials aren’t an option for your application, we can still help you protect your parts-more on that in a moment!

First, take a look at these common sheet metal materials that perform well in corrosive environments:

• Stainless steel. The alloy’s chromium content forms a passive oxidation layer that prevents corrosion.
• Aluminum. Grades 1xxx, 3xxx, and 5xxx are most resilient in corrosive environments. Anodizing adds an anti-corrosion layer to other aluminum grades.
• Superalloys. Formed with nickel, cobalt, or iron, superalloys are preferred by aerospace and medical customers requiring corrosion resistance and excellent mechanical properties.
• Copper alloys. These alloys offer good corrosion resistance, with bronze and brass being the most popular options.
• Titanium. This metal’s passive oxides help it resist corrosion.

Warning: carbon steel is highly prone to corrosion

Carbon steel is so prone to corrosion that even the moisture from a person’s hands can cause it to rust. Protective coatings are imperative on all carbon steel parts, even those not destined for harsh environments.

The heat from welding generates toxic fumes from carbon steel, but the same secondary processes that prevent corrosion will also render the material nontoxic.

4. Apply a Protective Finish

Ask ASM to pair your part with a surface finish appropriate for its application and environmental exposure. In some cases, a single treatment will serve to enhance a part’s beneficial properties while also preventing corrosion. Anti-corrosion coatings create a physical barrier that protects the metal’s surface from moisture, grime, and other corrosive substances.

Stick with these standard specifications:

• Clear Chromate: MIL-DTL-5541 Class 1A Clear
• Yellow Chromate: MIL-DTL-5541 Class 1A Yellow
• Clear Zinc: ASTM-B633 Type I FE/ZN 5 SCI Zinc
• Yellow Zinc: ASTM-B633 Type II FE/ZN 5 SCI Yellow
• Black Zinc: ASTM-B633 Type II FE/ZN 5 SCI Black
• Clear Anodize: MIL-A-8625 Type II Class 1
• Hard Clear Anodize: MIL-A-8625 Type III Class 1
• Black Anodize: MIL-A-8625 Type II Class 2 Black
• Hard Black Anodize: MIL-S-8625 Type III Class 2 Black
• Color Anodize: MIL-A-8625 Type II Class 2 “Color”
• Passivate: ASTM-A967 Nitric 2 Practice D
• Electroless Nickel: ASTM-B733 Type IV SCI Class 1
• Electropolish: ASTM-B912 Electropolish
• Tin Plate: ASTM-B545 Class A Tin Light Service Condition .0001″

Chrome plating

Hard chrome plating provides good corrosion resistance. Or, you can upgrade to black chrome plating for even better protection against corrosion.

Pre-plated materials are also available, but once cut, the edges become re-exposed to the environment and can eventually rust. If corrosion resistance is critical, we recommend starting with unplated material and plating the part after fabrication.

Powder coating

Powder coating forms a corrosion-resistant layer of polymer on a part’s surface. However, because powder coating blocks conductivity, it isn’t suited to all applications.

Anodizing

The protective oxide layer that naturally occurs on certain materials is very thin-about 4 nanometers-so it’s wise to enhance that anti-corrosion layer by anodizing your precision sheet metal parts. Anodizing also comes in many colors and can add an aesthetic touch to your sheet metal project.

Painting

Wet paint is a low-cost anti-corrosion solution that can also improve a part’s cosmetic appearance. This passive barrier layer is very effective, though it can be scratched or chipped, exposing the metal to the environment.

Galvanizing

Beyond coating a material’s surface, galvanizing chemically bonds with the metal to form a strong physical barrier against corrosion. Galvanizing is used to prevent corrosion on a wide range of products, from bridges to automobiles.

Talk to ASM About Your Corrosion Concerns

Begin every new precision sheet metal fabrication project with a conversation, and our experts will gladly guide you toward the best processes for your goals. With your corrosion-resistant, superior-quality part in hand, you’ll be glad you partnered with Approved Sheet Metal!

Request a quote to get started.

Design Corrosion Resistant Sheet Metal Parts

What causes corrosion in sheet metal parts?

Corrosion occurs when environmental conditions trigger a chemical reaction that converts refined metal into its hydroxide, oxide, or sulfide form. In ferrous metals, this process results in rust, while in non-ferrous metals, it causes pitting and the formation of a milky-white film.

How can I design sheet metal parts to prevent corrosion?

To prevent corrosion, design parts to avoid features that trap moisture, dirt, salt, and other grime. Ensure that parts can drain and dry, especially if they will be exposed to liquids or used in humid environments.

What materials are best for preventing corrosion in sheet metal parts?

Materials that perform well in corrosive environments include:

• Stainless steel, which forms a passive oxidation layer
• Aluminum, particularly grades 1xxx, 3xxx, and 5xxx
• Superalloys made with nickel, cobalt, or iron
• Copper alloys, such as bronze and brass
• Titanium, which resists corrosion due to its passive oxides

What protective finishes can be applied to sheet metal parts to prevent corrosion?

Several protective finishes can be applied to prevent corrosion, including:

• Clear Chromate: MIL-DTL-5541 Class 1A Clear
• Yellow Chromate: MIL-DTL-5541 Class 1A Yellow
• Clear Zinc: ASTM-B633 Type I FE/ZN 5 SCI Zinc
• Black Zinc: ASTM-B633 Type II FE/ZN 5 SCI Black
• Clear Anodize: MIL-A-8625 Type II Class 1
• Hard Clear Anodize: MIL-A-8625 Type III Class 1
• Passivate: ASTM-A967 Nitric 2 Practice D
• Electroless Nickel: ASTM-B733 Type IV SCI Class 1
• Powder coating
• Anodizing
• Wet painting
• Galvanizing

How can collaborating with a fabricator help in preventing corrosion in sheet metal parts?

Collaborating with a fabricator early in the design process allows for expert input on material selection and anti-corrosion solutions. Fabricators can review designs to identify potential issues and recommend the best practices and materials to ensure corrosion resistance and optimal performance for your specific application.